Vladimir, considered one of the most ancient cities in Russia, therefore, it is a city with a huge number of attractions, was founded in 990. Prince Vladimir Svyatoslavich on the banks of the Klyazma River. This is a well-known tourist center - the first Grand Duchy of Russia and the first capital of northeastern Russia.
The city has unique historical and architectural monuments of the 12th century: the Assumption Cathedral, the Dmitrievsky Cathedral and the Golden Gates are included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. Vladimir is included in the popular tourist route "Golden Ring of Russia". One of the main places in the tourist infrastructure is occupied by the artistic Vladimir-Suzdal Museum-Reserve and the State Historical and Architectural Museum, which is included in the State Code of Especially Valuable Cultural Heritage Sites of the Russian Federation. The museum-reserve has 56 monuments, 10 of which are included in the UNESCO World Heritage List, 35 museum expositions and two exhibition halls. The city has 239 state-protected buildings dating back to the 18th and 19th centuries.
The city is located in the Central Economic Region of the country, 180 km east of Moscow, and is the administrative center of the Vladimir Region. The area of the city limits is 124.6 sq. km. The population of the city is 350 thousand people, of which 213.9 thousand people are of working age. The intraregional and interregional road network is conveniently located and developed. Vladimir has a huge selection of hotels of various price levels.
Vladimir has a well-developed internal infrastructure, a fairly high scientific, industrial and educational potential. Industry plays an important role in the economy. The city has 2 universities, a law institute, an academy of tourism, 5 branches of Moscow universities, 11 technical schools and colleges, 14 vocational schools. The city is fully provided with kindergartens, hospitals, schools, cultural institutions. There are stable partnerships with 12 countries. Representations of the USA, Germany, Italy are opened in the city. The Vladimir region belongs to the regions with favorable living conditions. The climate is temperate continental with humid, relatively warm summers and frosty and snowy winters. The average temperature in January is 10 C. -11 C, in July - +17 C ... +18 C. The city of Vladimir is located in the northeast of Moscow, it is the central region of Russia. A major transport highway connects Moscow and Nizhny Novgorod and runs through the entire city.
There are large enterprises of machine-building, metal-working, electrical, instrument-making, chemical, light and food industries, construction industry, and high-tech enterprises for the production of: glass, fiber optic technologies, polymer chemistry, production automation and materials science. It is possible to purchase products made of birch bark, wood, fabric (shawls, towels, patchwork), jewelry made of stones and enamel, crystal, lacquered miniatures. Souvenirs with images of Vladimir monuments of architecture are especially interesting: the Golden Gate, the Assumption Cathedral and the churches of the Intercession-on-Nerl and Bogolyubov located near Vladimir (plates, caskets, paintings, etc.).
At the initiative of Russian commercial and non-profit organizations, individual entrepreneurs, the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Vladimir Region was established, which is a non-governmental non-profit organization. The city has a number of banking institutions, many of which are branches of large Moscow banks. These include branches of commercial banks and regional offices of Sberbank of Russia.
First of all, Vladimir is a city-museum. The city has unique historical and architectural monuments. The most prominent of them - the Assumption Cathedral, the Dmitrievsky Cathedral, the Golden Gates - are included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. The city is known all over the world thanks to the monuments and expositions of the historical and architectural museum of the reserve. Vladimir can be considered the city where the popular tourist route "Golden Ring of Russia" originates, it includes four cities in the region: Yuryev-Polskaya, Suzdal, Bogolyubovo, Aleksandrov, which was previously called Aleksandrovskaya Sloboda.
There are a lot of various entertainments in Vladimir. Vladimir is rich in cultural traditions and the history of its founding. At different times, princes Andrei Bogolyubsky, Vsevolod the Big Gnezdo and Alexander Nevsky, Russian metropolitans Alexy and Maxim, the Taneyev brothers - composer and philosopher, the Stoletov brothers - physicist and hero Shipka, Admiral M.P. Lazarev, writers and poets served the city and the Fatherland with dignity A.I. Herzen, I.S. Shmelev, K.D. Balmont and many, many others. The atmosphere of careful attitude to spiritual values that has developed in the city contributes to the fact that recognized creative teams, artists, musicians, and writers are fruitfully working here today.
Vladimir is a city open to the whole world. Powerful production potential, proximity to large industrial centers, developed infrastructure, highly qualified scientific and production personnel make Vladimir attractive for business development, including with the participation of foreign partners.
The city has unique institutions of its kind: Erlagen - the house of partnerships in Erlangen and the American House - culture and business. The ancient city of Vladimir was located on the banks of the Klyazma River. The city has a strategically rather advantageous position, since the river protected against a sudden invasion and contributed to the development of trade.
The history of Vladimir is dynamic, filled with various events and colorful milestones in history. Not the share of the city had a lot of troubles, but the high position of the city justified it. Vladimir, an ancient Russian city, which was considered the capital of the Suzdal principality. The city has many ancient outstanding architectural monuments of the 15th century.
At the age of half a century, the city was already trying to seize power and subdue Veliky Novgorod. For centuries, Vladimir shielded North-Eastern Russia from enemies from the south-east, repulsed their attacks, and held the borders.
In 1108, Prince Vladimir Monomakh built a powerful fortress, protected from the south by the steep banks of the Klyazma River, from the east and west - by deep ravines, from the north - by the Lybed River. The new fortress was named after the founder. Monomakh's heir, Prince Yuri Dolgoruky, fought for the throne of Kyiv, initially he did not pay enough attention to the northern patrimony, but when he realized the futility of the struggle in the south and appreciated the advantages of the northern lands, their richest natural resources, Prince Yuri Dolgoruky began building new fortresses in Suzdal earth. The cities were founded by him: Moscow, Dmitrov, Yuryev-Polsky, Zvenigorod, Pereslavl-Zalessky, Kideksha.
But with the attack on Russia, the Tatar-Mongol Vladimir lost his greatness, was plundered and burned, due to the prevailing circumstances, the city was unable to rise to its former level. The majestic capital became an ordinary city of the Moscow principality. After the invasion of the Mongols, life in Vladimir flowed differently, life acquired greater regularity and calmness.
But Vladimir, in turn, lost power and became the center of only governorship. And then the regional city. Despite the non-dominant position, Vladimir remained interesting from a cultural point of view. Vladimir is considered a spiritual and cultural center, which houses many historical monuments. Until now, the study of Vladimir history continues, archaeological excavations are being carried out, many new interesting facts are gradually emerging from the depths of history. It is possible to see the preserved priceless frescoes and paintings by Daniil Cherny and Andrey Rublev. And the ancient monuments of white stone architecture are known throughout the world.
The main architectural monuments that can be seen are concentrated along Bolshaya Moskovskaya Street, the main thoroughfare of Old Vladimir: Golden Gates (opening hours: daily 10:00-17:00; closed - Tuesday); Assumption Cathedral (open from 13:00 to 16:45; day off Monday), the cathedral has been active since the 12th century, and the iconostases of the 18th century, with frescoes by D. Cherny and A. Rublev; Dmitrievsky Cathedral with a unique white stone carving of the 12th century, 2000 carved stones, 500 plots; The Nativity Monastery is one of the oldest and largest in the Russian state. From the oldest monastic buildings survived: monastic and hospital cells, the house of the archimandrite, the Holy Gates and the Church of Christ and the Nativity, the museum of the Stoletov brothers (open 10:00-17:00), the museum's expositions tell about the life of a family of merchants in the 19th century. It is important to note that there are a lot of taxis in Vladimir.
The Vladimir lands have been inhabited by people since the Paleolithic. This is evidenced by stone tools found during archaeological excavations. In the 6th-7th centuries, the ancient annalistic tribe Merya lived in the surrounding forests, and on the hill where the majestic Assumption Cathedral now stands, researchers discovered the Meryansky village.
In the 9th-10th centuries, the Krivichi Slavs began to settle on the banks of the Klyazma. Most historians believe that the city appeared in 1108, and the Novgorod Chronicle names the name of its founder - the Russian prince Vladimir Vsevolodovich Monomakh. Some local historians are sure that Vladimir appeared earlier - in 990, thanks to Prince Vladimir I Svyatoslavich, under whom Russia was baptized. It is interesting that the well-known Russian philologist Dmitry Sergeevich Likhachev also supported the version of an earlier dating of the founding of the city.
Vladimir quickly grew and strengthened as a stronghold for the protection of the surrounding lands. In 1157 the prince made it the capital of the Rostov-Suzdal principality. Vladimir is known to have been raided several times by Tatar troops, with the most devastating attacks occurring in 1238 and 1293. In 1382, like other Russian settlements, the city suffered greatly from the troops of Tokhtamysh.
Vladimir was the main city in North-Eastern Russia. He did not have his own princely dynasty, so the city was ruled by appanage princes appointed by the Horde.
After the rise of Moscow, Vladimir moved into the category of provincial towns. A small cultural and economic upsurge began only in the second half of the 18th century, when the city was made the center of the governorship, and then the center of the province. Stone public buildings began to be built in Vladimir, several educational institutions, a drama theater, a printing house and a museum were created. Great changes were brought by the opening of the railway, which connected Vladimir with Moscow.
After the establishment of Soviet power, some city streets were renamed, and most parish churches were closed to believers. A little later, 6 churches and the Cathedral of the Nativity Monastery were demolished. Before the war, Vladimir grew rapidly and began to turn into a major industrial center.
During the Great Patriotic War, many residents from the western regions of the country were evacuated here. There were 18 hospitals in the city, and the inhabitants of Vladimir actively donated blood for the wounded.
In the post-war years, the industrialization of the city continued. In 1960, a bridge was built across the Klyazma and a residential area was erected on the right bank of the river. Since the 1970s, Vladimir has become one of the tourist centers. Today, many travelers from other cities of the country and from abroad come here to get acquainted with the history of Vladimir and see ancient historical monuments.
Sights of Vladimir
The ancient Russian city of Vladimir is famous for its rich centuries-old history and unique architecture. First of all, tourists tend to see objects from the UNESCO World Heritage List.
Golden Gate
In the XII century, Vladimir was surrounded by a rampart and had five entrance gates. Only one of them, the Golden ones, has survived to this day. A unique monument of ancient Russian fortress architecture is located in the historical center, on Bolshaya Moskovskaya Street, 43. The Golden Gate served as the main entrance to the city. The prince and his retinue traditionally passed through them to Vladimir.
Today, inside the ancient fortress gates, there is a museum of military prowess. His expositions are located in the gate temple. Tourists who come here can see ancient armor and weapons. Stands and showcases tell about the military exploits of famous Russian commanders, and in the center of the museum there is a diorama depicting the siege of Vladimir in 1238. From Monday to Thursday the museum is open from 10.00 to 16.00. On other days it closes an hour later. The exhibition is closed on Tuesdays.
The ancient Orthodox church stands on the high bank of the Klyazma for more than 850 years. It was founded in 1158, during the reign of Andrei Bogolyubsky. The prince wanted the new temple to become the main one in the entire Vladimir-Suzdal Rus, so he called the best masons, icon painters and jewelers to build it. Famous masters came to Vladimir from Kyiv, Galich, Germany and Greece.
The five-domed cathedral still remains one of the main decorations of the city. It is the tomb of Vladimir bishops and metropolitans. Inside the ancient temple, you can see preserved fragments of wall paintings made by the famous Russian painter Andrei Rublev.
The strict and majestic Dmitrovsky Cathedral was built later than the Assumption Cathedral - at the end of the 12th century, when Vsevolod the Big Nest reigned. The prince wanted his “personal” temple to appear in Vladimir, and at the request of the ruler, the collection was consecrated in honor of Dmitry of Thessalonica, revered by Christians.
Dmitrovsky Cathedral is a Byzantine four-pillar church with three semicircular altar apses. It is richly decorated with elegant white stone carvings, and for its beauty it is often called “a poem in stone”. According to the external decoration of the cathedral, it can be concluded that not only Vladimir, but also Greek carvers worked on it.
Inside the temple looks much more modest. Of the ancient frescoes, a wall painting of the 12th century, made by a Greek painter and his Russian assistant, has been preserved.
All sights of Vladimir Museums of Vladimir
Not far from the Assumption and Dmitrovsky Cathedrals there is a large museum complex "Chambers". It occupies three floors of a building built in the 18th century (58 Bolshaya Moskovskaya Street). The museum complex consists of permanent expositions and exhibitions for adults and children, which introduce guests to the structure of the Russian home, the traditions of the old school, folk fairs and book printing. The "Chambers" also has an art gallery, which contains more than 300 paintings by artists of the XVIII-XX centuries. Immersion in the past begins right from the doorstep, as all guides and employees of the museum complex meet visitors in costumes of the 19th century. The museum complex is open on any day except Monday: on Tuesdays and Wednesdays from 10.00 to 16.00, and from Thursday to Sunday from 10.00 to 17.00.
Museum complex "Chambers"One of the city's museums is called "Old Vladimir". It is very easy to find it, because the building it occupies looks like a stylized fortress (14 Kozlov Val Street). It's actually a rebuilt water tower. The museum is dedicated to the history of the city in the late 19th - early 20th century. Here you can see how a typical Vladimir tavern and a church shop, a horse-drawn carriage and an officer's house looked like. The walls of the halls are hung with old photographs, clippings from the city newspapers and theater posters. Tourists love "Old Vladimir" for the observation deck at the top of the tower, from where a good panorama of the city and the spacious valley of the Klyazma River come off. The museum is open daily, except Monday, from 10.00 to 18.00.
Museum building "Old Vladimir" 
In one of the halls of the museum "Old Vladimir"
The Vladimir land, rich in talents, has long been famous for folk crafts, therefore, since the mid-1970s, a museum of crystal, lacquer miniatures and embroidery has been opened in the Old Believer Trinity Church. It is located next to the Golden Gate, on Dvoryanskaya Street, 2. On the first floor of the museum, objects of decorative and applied art are exhibited - glass and crystal products, as well as lacquer miniatures from the Vladimir village of Mstera. On the second floor, folk embroideries are exhibited - the famous “Mstyora smooth surface” and “Vladimir seam”. The museum is open to visitors from Tuesday to Sunday from 10.00 to 18.00.
To learn the most interesting details from the 1000-year history of Vladimir, many travelers go to the old building, located between the Mother of God-Rozhdestvensky Monastery and the green Lipki Park (Bolshaya Moskovskaya Street, 64). The Historical Museum occupies a mansion built in 1900. A rich archaeological collection from the primitive site "Sungir" is stored here. In the halls of the museum you can see rare photographs and documents, ancient coins and weapons, old books and household items used by the inhabitants of Vladimir. On Monday and Thursday, the museum is open from 10.00 to 16.00, and on other days - until 17.00. The day off is Tuesday.
The house-museum of the Stoletovs is located in a building attached to a two-story merchant estate of the 19th century. Representatives of this family left a big mark in the history of Vladimir. Eminent merchants, generals and scientists were members of the Stoletov family. The museum is open to visitors on Tuesday, Friday, Saturday and Sunday from 10.00 to 16.30, Wednesday and Thursday from 10.00 to 15.30. It is located opposite the Mother of God-Nativity Monastery, on Stoletov Street, 3.
To learn more about the nature of the Vladimir region, it is worth planning a visit to the Native Nature Museum, which is located on 19 Mira Street, not far from the Vladimir administration building. The museum halls exhibit stuffed animals living in local forests. Here you can see a wolf, a bear, a deer, a wild boar, an elk and a lynx. It is curious to look at the typical natural corners of Central Russia modeled in the halls - a meadow, a field, a pond and a forest. It is noteworthy that the visual exhibitions are complemented by the sounds of nature - bird singing, animal cries and insects buzzing. You can get to the museum from Tuesday to Friday from 10.00 to 17.00, and on Saturdays and Sundays from 10.00 to 16.00.
Those who are not indifferent to Russian pastries should head to Bolshaya Moskovskaya Street, 40, where the Vladimir Gingerbread Museum is located. The private collection is located in a building erected at the end of the 18th century and tells about the traditions of making Russian gingerbread. Master classes are held for museum guests, during which everyone can try to paint a printed gingerbread. Here, the shop sells delicious souvenirs. The museum is open seven days a week: on weekdays from 9.00 to 19.00, and on Saturdays and Sundays from 10.00 to 20.00.
Museum "Native Nature" 
The active development of tourism has become one of the reasons for the appearance in Vladimir of another private museum dedicated to spoons. It is located opposite the Northern Trading Rows, at number 4 on Oktyabrskaya Street. In museum showcases, you can see the products of spoon-makers who made spoons for the court of Russian emperors, gift spoons, as well as spoons that were used for church rites. The museum's collection contains not only Russian spoons - many souvenirs brought from other countries are exhibited here. The doors of the museum are open from 11.00 to 19.00 on any day except Monday.
In Vladimir, there is an open-air museum dedicated to railway transport. Passenger and freight cars for narrow-gauge railways are exhibited near Vokzalnaya Square, and next to them stands an L-series steam locomotive, produced in the middle of the last century.
In the historical center, on Bolshaya Moskovskaya Street, 26, an interactive museum-fairy tale "Babusya-Yagusya" is open for children. About a hundred images of one of the main characters of folk tales, Baba Yaga, are stored here. On the shelves of the museum, paper and clay fabulous "old women" flaunt, as well as figurines made of metal, wood and wax. So that the children do not get bored, they are accompanied by actors dressed as Kikimora and Koshchei the Immortal. The fairy tale museum welcomes guests every day from 10.00 to 22.00.
Museum "Babusya-Yagusya"Where to eat
In Vladimir, and especially in the historical center of the city, there are many restaurants and cafes. Most of them are located on Bolshaya Moskovskaya and adjacent streets. It serves traditional Russian cuisine, as well as European, Mediterranean, Italian, Japanese and Caucasian cuisines. Pancakes are very popular among tourists; they can be ordered at any cafe in Vladimir.
Tasty and inexpensive food is served in the fast food cafe of the Globus hypermarket, which is located on the outskirts of the city towards Suzdal (Suzdalsky pr., 28). This cafe is open from 8.30 to 23.00 Monday to Thursday and from 8.30 to 24.00 Friday to Sunday.
At the exit from Vladimir in the direction of Yuryev-Polsky, there is the Megatorg shopping center (Traktornaya St., 45). On the second floor of the building there is a good budget food court. You can have a good and inexpensive lunch in the Silver Horseshoe dining room, which is located on the second floor of the Gagarinsky shopping center. It is open from 9.00 to 18.00.
Cafe "Abajour"Bar "Zhiga-Bar"Souvenirs
Travelers wishing to buy souvenirs in Vladimir can do so in small shops on Bolshaya Moskovskaya Street, in specialized stores, museums, as well as in the souvenir departments of large shopping centers. Images of the coat of arms of Vladimir, the Golden Gate, the Assumption and Dmitrovsky Cathedrals are very popular with tourists. The city sells mugs, plates, key rings and other products with popular views of Vladimir.
Souvenir shops sell busts of famous residents of Vladimir, who left a big mark on the history of the ancient Russian city, wickerwork made of wicker and painted ceramic dishes. Demanded souvenirs are wooden painted ornaments and birch bark products.
There is a small silverware factory in the city, so in Vladimir's stores you can always see table sets made of spoons, knives and forks, decorative spoons with the inscription "Vladimir", elegant spatulas, silver coasters for cups and neat napkin rings.
One of the oldest local crafts is embroidery. Beautiful products with a colored "Vladimir seam" and Mstyora white smoothness are sold not only in souvenir shops, but also in large department stores. These are bedding sets, pillowcases, napkins, towels and clothing items.
Of the "tasty" souvenirs from Vladimir, fragrant pokrovsky gingerbread, chocolate and chocolates are brought. If the trip fell on summer time, you should look for the famous Vladimir cherry. Local gardeners grow excellent quality berries, which are juicy, dark in color and slightly sour.
Souvenirs at the Gingerbread MuseumTransport
The historic center of the city is quite compact and easy to get around on foot. There are 8 trolleybus routes and 30 bus and minibus routes in Vladimir. Public transport starts running around the city from 5.30 am. On those routes, on which, in addition to the number, the letter “C” is indicated, large-capacity buses run, intended for preferential travel on a single social ticket.
Suburban buses connect Vladimir with other cities and villages of the region. Buses No. 3C, 18C, 53, 102, 107 and 152 take you to Bogolyubov, near which is the famous Church of the Intercession on the Nerl.
If desired, in Vladimir you can always take a taxi by stopping the car on the street or ordering by phone. The competition among drivers is high, so the call taxi arrives very quickly.
Accommodation
Vladimir is focused on tourists, so many hotels of various levels have been built in the city - from elite hotels to inexpensive hostels. It is convenient that you can always get full information about options for where to stay and prices at the information desk at the railway station or at any of the travel agencies in Vladimir. You can also pre-book a hotel room using the Booking.com service, which will be especially important during the peak tourist season.
Hotel "Vladimir" 
Hotel "Vladimir"
Several hostels offering accommodation from 400-500 rubles per night are located in close proximity to the railway station. In addition to hostels, Vladimir guest houses, recreation centers and camp sites offer budget rooms. Those who travel with the whole family or in the company of friends prefer to rent apartments in Vladimir by the day.
How to get there
Vladimir is located 190 km east of Moscow. You can get to this city in different ways. The road by car takes about 3.5-4 hours. Motorists should take into account that the section of the M-7 Volga highway from the capital to Balashikha is almost always “worth it”, and instead of 25-30 minutes, it takes about an hour to overcome it.
A simple and economical option is to get to Vladimir by train. Every day more than a dozen electric and long-distance trains depart from the Kursk railway station in the right direction. Some of them are direct, and some go to Nizhny Novgorod and make an intermediate stop in Vladimir. The journey takes from 1 hour 39 minutes to 3 hours 35 minutes. The fastest trains are Lastochka and Strizh. It is convenient that the railway station in Vladimir is located near the historical center of the city.
Some people prefer to come to Vladimir by buses that depart from the bus station near the Schelkovskaya metro station. Regular buses start running from 6.00. Depending on the traffic, the journey by bus takes from 3 to 5 hours. Regular buses also run to Vladimir from Yaroslavl, Ivanovo, Murom, Gorokhovets, Pereslavl-Zalessky, Alexandrov and some other Russian cities.
Vladimir- one of the ancient cities of Russia, included in the Golden Ring. It is located on the banks of the Klyazma River, 176 km east of Moscow. It is the administrative center of the Vladimir region. The population in the city is about 355 thousand people.
A bit of history
The most ancient settlements discovered during excavations on the territory of modern Vladimir date back to the Neolithic era (30-25 thousand years BC). The existence of the city begins in 1108, when it was founded by Vladimir Monomakh (recently, some local historians tend to move the founding date to 990). During its existence, the city has been the capital of North-Eastern Russia, suffered the invasion of the Mongols and the Polish-Lithuanian invaders. In the 18th century, Vladimir was first the center of a province that was part of the Moscow province, then became the administrative center of the Vladimir province. During the Soviet era, the city became a major industrial center, higher educational institutions appeared in it, and a tram line was launched. In the early seventies of the XX century, Vladimir became one of the cities of the Golden Ring of Russia.
Attractions
The three main attractions of the city, built in the XII century and under the auspices of UNESCO:
- Golden Gate. Built in the form of a triumphal arch, they served as the main entrance to the city. Above the arch is the military history museum.
- Assumption Cathedral after construction was the main temple of Russia for a long time. Here you can admire the wonderful frescoes by Andrei Rublev.
- Demetrius Cathedral is famous for its exquisite carvings on its white stone walls.
Other sights of the city are no less interesting:
- Trinity Church is an Old Believer temple, which houses a crystal museum. Residents call the building the Red Church.
- Water tower, which houses the museum "Old Vladimir".
- City Council.
- Historical Museum.
- Museum of Nature.
- Planetarium.
- Church.
- Art gallery with icons by Andrey Rublev.
There are many monuments in the city, including the most famous people related to the city: Prince Vladimir, Alexander Nevsky, Andrey Rublev.
It is impossible not to mention the Vladimir Central - a well-known prison that has existed since the time of Catherine II.
Recently, Vladimir has noticeably changed for the better. A pedestrian street has appeared, new viewing platforms, monuments are being built, old parks are being equipped, theaters, a philharmonic society, and libraries are functioning.
How to get there
Railway and motor roads pass through the city. Therefore, it is easily accessible both by train or bus, and by private transport.
Vladimir city map
Brief information about the city of Vladimir.
A city where decisions were repeatedly made that turned out to be fateful for the population of entire countries and even continents. Every year it is visited by 4-5 million foreign tourists. Moreover, for most of them, the words “Russia”, “Moscow” and “Kremlin” are in a sense synonymous, and they do not even try to go beyond the traditional excursion program, see the little-known and modern sights of our capital, and also get acquainted with its history. But the cities are incredibly interesting, as are the events that take place there every day.
Basic information about Moscow
According to 2014 data, the population of Moscow is 12,108,257 people, 91% of which are Russians. The city is located on the banks of the river of the same name, in the central part of the East European Plain. At the same time, Moscow is a city of federal significance, where almost all the most important authorities of our state are located, except for the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation.
The beginning of the history of Moscow
Although it is generally accepted that the city was founded in 1147, archaeological finds suggest that it is at least 1000 years old. There is also reason to believe that the first inhabitants of these places were Vyatichi. Thus, the exact date of formation Why was the 867th anniversary of the city celebrated on September 6, 2014 in the Russian capital? The fact is that the main information about Moscow, concerning the first centuries of its existence, is contained in the famous one. In particular, it is there that you can read the first record of a settlement with that name, located on the site of modern Goncharnaya Street. This monument of ancient Russian literature mentions the meeting in the town of Moscow of princes Yuri Dolgoruky, Svyatoslav Olgovich, as well as their friends in 1147 on the day “Heel to praise the Virgin”, which, judging by the calculations of researchers, means Saturday April 4th.
In addition, it is known from the annals that after 9 years, the son of Yuri Dolgoruky, Andrei Bogolyubsky, founded a small wooden fortress, which housed the prince's squad. Moscow began to develop around this fortification. The history of the city also contains information that in 1177 the old fortress was burned down by Prince Gleb, the ruler of Ryazan, and a new one was built in its place.
Further history of Moscow
In the 13th century, the city became the center of a specific principality and over the next 100 years survived the Horde invasion, the plague, as well as the treacherous attack and looting by the army of Khan Tokhtamysh. Despite all these events, Moscow gradually turned into one of the most important economic, cultural, religious and political centers of Russia. Princes Ivan Kalita and Dmitry Donskoy did a lot for the development of the city at that time. In particular, the basic information about Moscow of that time indicates that the first of them built an oak, and the second - a white stone Kremlin.
The next important events in the history of Moscow were the proclamation of Ivan the Terrible Tsar of Moscow and All Russia and the establishment of a patriarchate there in
Moscow from the 17th to the 20th centuries
The role of the city in the life of Russia increased unspeakably under the first tsars from the Romanov dynasty, when it was the capital of a state with a vast territory. This is what pre-Petrine Moscow was like! The history of the city in subsequent centuries is also not without interesting events. True, since 1712, St. Petersburg became the capital, but all the monarchs who ascended the throne of the Russian Empire continued to be crowned in Moscow. Moreover, in 1812 the city became a huge fiery trap for Napoleon and protected the country.
Moscow in the 20th century
After the revolution of 1917, the city regained the status of the capital and began to change before our eyes. In particular, a subway appeared in Moscow, the Moscow Ring Road was built, and active development of the former suburbs began. At the same time, many monuments of religious architecture were destroyed, including the Holy Monastery, the Cathedral of Christ the Savior, the Church of the Assumption, etc.
This is how “Soviet” Moscow began its formation. The history of the city of this period also contains a tragic page associated with its heroic defense during the Second World War, when hundreds of thousands of residents sacrificed their lives to prevent the enemy from entering their beloved capital. All the more joyful was the day when the famous Victory Parade took place on Red Square, marking the end of the most terrible war in the history of mankind. As for the post-war period, in 1947 the 800th anniversary of Moscow was celebrated, which marked the beginning of the formation of a tradition that is still alive today, and in the 1950s, the so-called “Stalin skyscrapers” appeared in the city. Among the significant events that took place in the capital of the USSR, one cannot fail to note the Olympics-80, for which 15 new sports facilities and the same number of hotels were built in the city.
As you know, the USSR collapsed in 1991, and the Russian Federation appeared on the political map of the world, or, as it is more often called in the world, Russia. Moscow, on the other hand, became the capital of a federal state with the largest territory in the world, consisting of 85 subjects. In 1995, such new official symbols of the Russian capital as its flag, coat of arms and anthem were approved.
A little earlier began Christ the Savior, blown up by the Bolsheviks, as well as other religious shrines destroyed during the years of theomachism. Thus, modern Moscow began to take shape, based on the traditions of previous centuries.
The most significant new architectural structures of the capital
Since the early 2000s, many skyscrapers have been built in Moscow that have changed the face of the city. Among such objects, the buildings of the international business center “Moscow-City”, which are located on a territory with a total area of about 100 hectares, stand out. In addition, other skyscrapers were built, designed for housing and offices. Thus, modern Moscow is gradually turning into a city where multi-storey tower buildings made of glass and concrete are no longer a rarity. However, such structures sometimes “grow up” in historical districts and spoil their appearance, as they did not harmonize with the surrounding urban landscape at all. Fortunately, as of 2008, this method of construction, dubbed “spot building”, has been banned.
New monuments of the capital
In the last two decades, the piggy bank has been replenished with many new monuments and tourist sites. For example, the sculptural composition “Children – Victims of Adult Vices” is very interesting. Also, guests of the city should see the sculptural portraits of the heroes of Conan Doyle's stories, the monument to Nikulin, the Pushkin and Natalie fountain, Luzhkov Bridge. And, of course, one cannot fail to mention the giant monument to Peter the Great, which, despite conflicting opinions about its artistic value, has already become one of the most recognizable modern sights of the capital. In addition, you should definitely see the monument to the heroes of the First World War, installed in 2014.
From this article you have received basic information about Moscow, its history and modern sights. Russia is proud of this city. Everyone should definitely see it with their own eyes.
The city of Vladimir is the regional center of the Vladimir region. The population of the city is 361,000 people. Scientists disagree with the date of foundation of Vladimir.
Some historians, following the Hypatian Chronicle, believe that the city arose in 990, and it was founded by none other than the prince (, the same prince who baptized Russia).
Having founded, Prince Vladimir erected the Church of the Most Holy Theotokos. The prince ordered to baptize all the people in the vicinity of the city and build churches.
Archaeological excavations confirm this version of the foundation of Vladimir. During the Soviet period in the history of Russia, the version was officially considered that the city was founded in the 12th century, or rather in 1108, by the Great Prince of Kyiv.
Vladimir reached his heyday at the time. Dolgoruky skillfully ruled the Rostov-Suzdal principality, developed and enriched his lands. The prince longed for the throne of Kyiv, and even sat on it, but his power in Kyiv was fragile. Dolgoruky's son, Andrei Bogolyubsky, did not want the throne of Kyiv. He decided to make every effort to elevate North-Eastern Russia over the throne of Kyiv.
As a young prince, Andrei Bogolyubsky worked hard for the benefit of Moscow, Yuryev-Polsky and Dmitrov. In 1154, Andrei Bogolyubsky began to reign in Vyshgorod, which is near Kyiv. Bogolyubsky did not stay in Vyshgorod for a long time, and soon went back to his small homeland.
Andrei Bogolyubsky took the icon of the Mother of God from the Vyshgorod Convent. On the way to Rostov, the icon taken by Andrei performed various miracles. Before reaching Vladimir 10 kilometers, the cart with the icon stood up. They changed horses, but the cart is still standing. What to do? We decided to spend the night.
At night, the Mother of God appeared to Andrei Bogolyubsky and ordered not to take the icon to Rostov, but to leave it in Vladimir. The site of the vision is now occupied by the Nativity Cathedral. A settlement was formed around the Nativity Cathedral, which was named Bogolyubovo.
Soon the icon painters painted the icon of the appearance of the Theotokos to Andrei Bogolyubsky - the Bogolyubskaya icon of the Mother of God. This icon is one of the main shrines of Vladimir.
After his death, Bogolyubsky began to rule in the lands of North-Eastern Russia. The city of Vladimir became the capital of Vladimir, the principality of Suzdal. Andrew did a lot for the development and prosperity of the city. So, the Cathedral of the Assumption of the Mother of God of extraordinary beauty was erected. This architectural wonder can be seen at the entrance to the city. The cathedral turned out majestic. Assumption Cathedral, one of the main attractions of the city.
Brought by Andrei from Vyshgorod, the miraculous icon of the Mother of God was placed in the Assumption Cathedral. Since then, the icon has been called the icon of the Vladimir Mother of God, and is one of the main Orthodox shrines in our country.
During the reign of Bogolyubsky, a huge number of churches appeared in the city - Bogolyubovsky and Voznesensky. was canonized by the Russian Church in 1702. Day of St. Andrew Bogolyubsky 4 July. The relics of the holy prince are kept in the Assumption Cathedral.
It is noteworthy that all the main temples and monasteries of Vladimir were built by Andrei Bogolyubsky. All the buildings of the prince, dated back to the 12th century, have been perfectly preserved to this day. After the death of Andrei, Vsevolod the Big Nest became the reigning in Vladimir.
Vsevolod, was Andrei's younger brother, and continued his undertakings with the same enthusiasm. Vladimir developed dynamically. But this did not last long, the Tatars who came to Russia stopped the development of the city for decades.
Vladimir was weakening, but still was an important strategic point. The city was famous for its artisans, and its location on the Klyazma River made Vladimir a major trading center.
During, Vladimir did not escape ruin. Residents actively participated in the formation of both the first and second militia. In time, in 1719, Vladimir became the center of the province, and only in 1778 did it become the center of the Vladimir province.
After the Bolsheviks came to power in Russia, the population in Vladimir was significantly reduced, the people were starved. In 1929, the Bolsheviks made Vladimir part of the Ivanovo region. The Bolsheviks returned the status of the regional center to the city only in 1944.
Today Vladimir is a fairly developed city. Here are such industrial enterprises as: "Avtopribor", "Electropribor", Tractor Plant, as well as enterprises of the food and textile industries.
The city of Vladimir is a major tourist center of the Golden Ring. It has many attractions that are definitely worth seeing. Assumption Cathedral, Holy Bogolyubov Convent, Church of the Intercession of the Mother of God on the Nerl, Golden Gates, Dmitrievsky Cathedral. There are also many monuments to historical figures.
Be sure to visit the Historical and Architectural Museum-Reserve with a guided tour. This museum presents the most interesting expositions of antiquity, reflecting Russian antiquity in all its glory (A walk through the old city, the World of Epics, a tavern, a Russian house, an Old Russian school, Visiting great-grandmother, Birth of a book). There is an art gallery on the second floor of the museum. The museum is located on Bolshaya Moskovskaya street.
There is an Old Believer Trinity Church along Dvoryanskaya Street. In its building there is an exposition "Crystal, lacquer miniature, embroidery", be sure to visit. On Kozlov street, an interesting museum "Old Vladimir". And on Bolshaya Moskovskaya Street you can visit the Museum "History of the Vladimir Region from Ancient Times to 1917". On Stoletov Street, there is the House-Museum of the Stoletov brothers. Alexander Grigorievich Stoletov was an outstanding scientist, and his brother Nikolai, an infantry general, participated in the battles near Shipka.
The main street in Vladimir is Bolshaya Moskovskaya. Here, most of the shops and souvenir shops are located. There is also a cinema along this street. There are many eating places along the road. There is an amazing pancake shop, once in which, people of the older generation will say that they found themselves in - a pleasant feeling of nostalgia. Unfortunately it was closed (2015). On Bolshaya Moskovskaya there is a large shopping complex "Torgovye Ryady", where you can buy clothes, food, books and souvenirs.
If you walk along Dvoryanskaya Street, you can find yourself at the Torpedo stadium. The football team of the same name, recently began to play in the First Russian League (NFL). I am sure that the success of the players, Vladimir "Torpedo", will attract new tourists to the city during home matches. Stadium "Torpedo" is quite cozy, located in a picturesque place. The stands of the stadium from the outside are decorated with graffiti performed by local fans. By the way, a very nice picture.
Vladimir has amazing nature. The city will definitely appeal to any tourist. Not far from Vladimir, there are clear lakes, where in hot weather you can plunge into cool water. You can get to Vladimir by car or bus. You can also get to the city by rail. There are many hotels in Vladimir, so there will be no problems with accommodation.
Hotels in Vladimir: Zarya (Studencheskaya Gora St.), Klyazma (Sudogorodskoye Highway), Dobroye (Dobroselskaya St.), Vladimir (Bolshaya Moskovskaya St.), At the Golden Gate (Bolshaya St. Moscow), "Orion" (St. Nikolskaya), "Golden Ring" (St. Tchaikovsky).
