To use the preview of presentations, create a Google account (account) and sign in: https://accounts.google.com
Slides captions:
Completed by: Gornostaeva Irina Nikolaevna, primary school teacher, MBOU secondary school No. 20, Donetsk, Rostov region Presentation for the lesson of the world around them on the topic “Soil. Its composition and properties” Grade 3 EMC “Planet of Knowledge”.
They kick me, They cut my chest with knives. Everyone wants to trample. And I with gifts again. riddle land
Earth - planet earth - soil Earth earth-land
Telegram For students of 3 "B" class MBOU SOSH No. 20 Laboratory of the Research Institute What is it?
The soil. Its composition and properties Lesson topic:
Questions: What is soil? How is soil formed?
Dictionary of the Russian language: P OCH V A - the surface layer of the earth's crust, in which plant life develops. Find and compare the definition of "soil" in the textbook. Soil is the top fertile layer of the earth on which plants grow.
Soil formation.
rocky rocks lichens
soil climate water relief man plants animals rocks
Is there soil everywhere on earth?
Educational laboratory Rules of work: Attentively listen to the instruction. Follow directions clearly. Be observant.
Take a glass of water and drop a lump of soil into it. What did you see? What conclusion can be drawn? We investigate the composition of the soil Experiment No. 1 There is air in the soil.
Take blotting paper and put some soil on it. Press it firmly against the paper. Shake the soil into a glass of water. What did you see on paper? What conclusion can be drawn? We investigate the composition of the soil Experiment No. 2 There is water in the soil
Let's heat the soil What do you see and feel? We investigate the composition of the soil Experiment No. 3 A light smoke appeared. We smelled bad!
This burns humus, which is formed from the remains of plants and animals. It is the humus that gives the soil a dark color. Soil fertility is determined by the amount of humus in it Conclusion:
FERTILITY
FERTILITY must be preserved
If we take a glass of water and soil, which we left after the first experiment, what will you see? We investigate the composition of the soil Experiment No. 4
Conclusion: You can consider different layers of soil. At the bottom, sand grains and clay particles are visible. Above - humus. sand clay humus
Evaporation of a few drops of water from a glass in which the soil has been for a long time. The water quickly evaporated. And there were white spots on the glass. raids. Can you guess what these spots are? We investigate the composition of the soil Experiment No. 5
Conclusion: The soil contains mineral salts that dissolve in water.
soil composition sand, clay remains of plants and animals living organisms water mineral salts air
Soil properties: Loose Soil permeable to water - permeability Soil heats up and cools down - thermal conductivity Fertility
It is interesting! 1 cm of soil in 250-300 years 20 cm in 5-6 thousand years
It is interesting! Approximately 80 earthworms live per 1 m²
Animals living in the soil make passages in it, where water and air easily penetrate, mix the soil, and crush the remains of plants. So they increase the fertility of the soil.
Circulation of substances
Why is the soil destroyed? Unreasonable human activity: construction; destruction of parks and squares; ill-conceived grazing; deforestation; The soil is washed away by water; Blows strong wind;
Ways to protect soil from destruction. Snow retention is used to accumulate moisture in the soil; It is impossible to cut down forests, to deprive the land of its natural vegetation cover over large areas; As a barrier against the wind in arid regions, shelterbelts should be planted. These plantations will also retain moisture and saturate the air with it; Saves the soil from destruction sowing of perennial grasses; Plowing across slopes: the water does not run away, but is absorbed into the soil.
explain the saying: “By saving the soil, we save ourselves and life on our planet” Well done!
Thank you for your attention!
summary of presentations
The soil
Slides: 22 Words: 524 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0The Department of SOIL SCIENCE welcomes you - our applicants. We invite you to new educational programs. Graduates receive fundamental knowledge in the field of natural sciences. Higher Mathematics. Physics. Geology. Geography. General geology. Fundamentals of mineralogy. Landscape science. Geodesy with the basics of GIS. Climatology. What do we teach? Biology. Introduction to biology. Physiology and biochemistry of plants. Biogeocenology. Ecology of plants Ecotoxicology. General ecology. Zoology. Microbiology. Botany. Learn to read the great book of nature. The study of soil at different levels of structural organization. - Soil.ppt
Lesson Soil
Slides: 36 Words: 286 Sounds: 1 Effects: 18Nature lesson. Quick check mate, are you ready to start the lesson? Is everything in place, Is everything in order, Pen, book and notebook? Is everyone seated correctly? Is everyone watching closely? Everyone wants to receive Only the mark "5". Checking homework. What is soil? - The top layer of the earth, where there is sand and clay. The top fertile layer of the earth. What is the main part of the soil? Humus; sand; clay. What is formed from humus under the action of microbes? Water; air; salt. What do plants use for food? Microbes; salt; humus. What is formed from the remains of dead plants and animals under the action of microbes? - Lesson Soil.ppt
Soil functions
Slides: 30 Words: 776 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0Ecological functions of the soil. The soil has ecological functions. Settlement of the mineral matrix. Ecological functions of soils. The soil. Biomass. Productive. Food source. The main division of the biota. Four kingdoms of nature. Human. Dehumidification. Plant. Land. Animals. It takes 1000 tons of water to produce one ton of phytomass. Providing the biosphere with water. Garbage of the planet. Synthetics. The carbon cycle. Overgrowth of kurums. Settlement of plants on fine earth. Turning sediment into soil. Established ecosystem. positive connection. Biota. Preservation of the gene pool in the soil. Seed germination. May be a settlement. - Soil functions.ppt
soil fertility
Slides: 12 Words: 1338 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0Problems of soil fertility. Climate problems. Problems of an anthropogenic nature. Apply only surface treatments. The location of the root system. Refusal to use organic fertilizers. Reducing the supply of soils with mobile phosphorus. How to solve these problems. Get away from using the same type of processing. Prioritize caring. Scientific problems. Thank you for your attention. - Soil fertility.ppt
Soil phytotoxicity
Slides: 10 Words: 381 Sounds: 0 Effects: 42Ecological project Determination of phytotoxicity of soils in the city of Magnitogorsk using the seedling method. Objective. Tasks. Assess the response of different plant species to the same degree of soil pollution. Hypothesis. Object of study. Key areas. Left Bank area (Mayakovsky street). Photo of the experiment. Conclusions. The coefficient of phytotoxicity in different districts of the city is different. The coefficient of phytotoxicity for beans corresponds to the results of the experiment for corn. Conclusions (continued). - Soil phytotoxicity.pps
Soil as habitat
Slides: 25 Words: 1948 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0soil habitat
Slides: 17 Words: 277 Sounds: 0 Effects: 22Soil habitat. Soil environment. here is the mycelium of fungi, the roots of plants. Powerful front teeth (for digging and biting roots). Weakly developed eyes and ears. Short fur (for less friction with the soil). The special structure of the mouth (so that the earth does not fall). Articular body (promotes movement in the soil). Mucus secretion (promotes movement in the soil). Animals are shown here. The crab lives in the aquatic environment, and the rest in the ground-air. What environment do you think the insects whose legs are shown here live in? Ground-air environment. - Soil habitat.ppt
soil organic matter
Slides: 29 Words: 2448 Sounds: 0 Effects: 4RADIOCARBON AGE OF SOIL ORGANIC MATTER: MODERN CONCEPTS AND THE PROBLEM OF INTERPRETATION. Contents: Radiocarbon dating of soil organic matter (OM). Radiocarbon dating of organic matter (OM) of modern and fossil soils. "Open" system. "Open-closed" system. Choice of "dating" fraction and search for "inert" carbon. Radiocarbon age of the Kursk chernozem according to OM and HA (O.A. Chichagova, A.E. Cherkinsky). Radiocarbon age of fossil soil according to OM, HA and charcoal (O.A. Chichagova, 1985). Radiocarbon age of humus fractions in chernozem and podzolic soils of Canada (Paul et al.). - Soil organic matter.ppt
Living organisms in the soil
Slides: 19 Words: 1091 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0Life underfoot. The biotic composition of the soil. Organisms. soil porosity. Soil type of the park. Feeding plant remains. Kivsyak. Colembolas. Symphiles. Geophiles. Soil ticks. Ground beetles. Earthworms. Myxomycetes. Actinomycetes. Soil type. Soil fertility. Informational resources. The authors of the work. - Living organisms in the soil.ppt
Soil as a habitat for animals
Slides: 29 Words: 1199 Sounds: 0 Effects: 113What are we going to study today. Soil as a habitat for animals. The soil. Adaptations of animals to life in fresh water. Animal adaptations. Names of animals. Solve the crossword. P. O. C. V. A. G. L. Make a diagram. Soil properties. Ecological groups of soil organisms. Animals. environment factor. Living conditions. Oxygen. Earthworm. Desert animals. natural voids. Independent work. Upper fertile layer. Homework. Lesson results. Resources used. - Soil as a habitat for animals.ppt
Tillage system
Slides: 41 Words: 1012 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0Scientific bases of tillage. Main literature. Problems of tillage. Maintaining a favorable phytosanitary condition of the soil. Incorporation of plant residues into the soil. Prevention of erosion processes. Creation of conditions for sowing. Soil physics. Favorable soil conditions. Soddy-podzolic sandy soil. Chernozem soil. chestnut soil. It is called the structure of the soil. The structure of the arable layer on chernozem soils. Soil tillage system. The number of grain drinkers. The degree of damage to winter wheat. Soil connectivity. Soil stickiness. soil plasticity. - Tillage system.ppt
Tillage implements
Slides: 12 Words: 643 Sounds: 0 Effects: 39An innovative project to improve soil fertility. Technology of active processing of solonetzic soils. Basic unit of technology. Soil-cultivating tool KOMS-80. Soil-cultivating tool KOMS-80. Design features of KOMS-80. Soil-cultivating effect of KOMS-80. Patent protection KOMS-80. Stage of technology transfer KOMS-80. KOMS-80 Technology Transfer Investments. Prospects for the transfer of KOMS-80 technology. Innovative attractiveness of KOMS-80. - Tillage implements.ppt
Pest and disease control
Slides: 14 Words: 483 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0The main methods of suppression of diseases and pests. Methods. agricultural method. Agricultural practices. Creation of varieties. Crop rotation. Soil cultivation. Seed cleaning and sorting. Dates and methods of sowing. Application of fertilizers. Terms and methods of harvesting. Irrigation. Bait crops. Features of the agrotechnical method. -
What are the soils?
Tundra soils. The soil does not have time to warm up over a short summer, and at a depth of 1.5-2 m, a layer of permafrost remains in it, the level of which decreases along the river valleys. The moisture-saturated soil of the tundra is called gley. As a rule, conditions for the growth of trees are unfavorable here. Mosses and lichens are widespread; in summer, the ground is covered with many low flowering plants.
Podzolic soils The most common soil type in Russia. They form under coniferous and mixed forests under conditions of excess moisture, which ensures the leaching regime of soils during a significant part of the growing season. podzols are most characteristic of the middle taiga
Gray forest soils An indispensable condition for the formation of such soils is the presence of a continental climate. Deciduous forests and herbaceous vegetation. Places of formation contain the element necessary for such soil - calcium. Thanks to this element, water does not penetrate deep into the soil and does not erode them. These soils are grey. forest soils
Chernozem Chernozem is a highly fertile soil of a characteristic black color, which has a distinct granular-cloddy structure. Chernozem has long been the best soil for farming, formed many years ago under grassy vegetation under the influence of certain climatic zones (steppe and forest-steppe
Bog soils Bog soils are formed mainly in the middle climatic zone with a humid climate - the taiga zone of Siberia and the Far East, the northwest and north of the European part of the country. At its core, a swamp is a land area with severe waterlogging and a thick upper peat layer of 30 cm or more. The reason for waterlogging can be both too close groundwater, and the lack of natural runoff during heavy rainfall; a common cause is the gradual overgrowth of natural reservoirs with stagnant or low-flowing water.
Meadow soil Meadow soils are found throughout the entire gray earth zone, along valleys and in river deltas, and in the lower parts of piedmont slopes. Meadow soils are formed under the vegetation cover represented by the meadow formation, mainly by rhizomatous grasses (palmine, ajerek, reed, reed grass, etc.), which vegetate until frost, as well as under tugai forests with poplar, sucker, tamarisk. The soil-forming rocks of meadow soils are layered fine-earth and pebble alluvial, deltaic and proluvial deposits. A necessary condition for the development of meadow soils in the gray earth zone is soil periodic or constant capillary moistening of the soil profile. The groundwater level lies at a depth of 1-2.5 m.
1 slide
2 slide
3 slide
4 slide
Dokuchaev Vasily Vasilyevich Russian scientist Vasily Vasilyevich Dokuchaev created the science of soil, the laws of its formation, conservation of fertility - soil science. Soil science is the science that studies soils.
5 slide
Soil is a loose, superficial layer of the earth's crust, which has fertility. Soil is a special natural body. It is formed on the surface of the Earth as a result of the interaction of living (organic) and inanimate (inorganic) nature.
6 slide
Humus is a humus formed as a result of the processing of dead plants by microorganisms. Humus contains the main nutrients of plants, which, under the influence of microorganisms, become available to plants. The main role is played by complex organic compounds - humic acids and fulvic acids. Humus is an important factor in soil fertility. Different types of soils are characterized by different humus content: in podzols - 3 - 4%, in chernozems - up to 12%
7 slide
Climate Plants Relief Microorganisms Time Acid release Weathering Improve soil composition Loosen, mix Rocks Animals
8 slide
1) soil-forming rocks. The physical properties of the soil and the initial content of nutrients in it depend on the properties of the parent rock, its composition and structure; 2) climate affects the course of weathering of rocks, heat and moisture determine the intensity of soil-forming processes, as well as the nature of vegetation and wildlife; 3) vegetation loosens and structures the soil, extracts mineral elements from it, gives root and ground litter to turn it into humus;
9 slide
4) animals (including microorganisms) in the process of life accelerate decomposition and contribute to the formation of humus; 5) relief distributes moisture and heat; 6) time. For 100 years, a soil layer of no more than 2 cm is formed. The geological age of the territories significantly affects the structure, properties and composition of soils: 7) Anthropogenic factor. Man, cultivating the soil, applying fertilizers, meliorating, cutting down forests, directionally changes the process of soil formation and soil properties.
10 slide
Each type of soil is formed in strictly defined climatic conditions with a certain ratio of heat and moisture. At the same time, each type corresponds to a certain type of vegetation. Dead stems and leaves are directly involved in the formation of humus
11 slide
It is due to the presence of organic matter in the soil - humus or humus. Due to the fertility of the soil, they are the greatest natural wealth, which must be used wisely. The most important property of soil is fertility. Fertility is the ability of the soil to produce crops.
12 slide
plants that are most resistant to acidic soil reaction, tolerate moderate acidity (pH 5.0 - 5.5), - potatoes, radishes, radishes, sorrel; plants for which the most favorable slightly acidic soil reaction (pH 5.5-6.0) are carrots, cucumber, zucchini, squash, pumpkin, melon, tomato, cauliflower, kohlrabi, swede, turnip, eggplant, horseradish; acid-sensitive plants that develop better with a soil reaction close to neutral or neutral (pH 6.6-7.0) - white cabbage, beets, lettuce, onions, garlic, celery, parsnips, peppers, asparagus.
13 slide
Soil structure refers to the ability of the soil mass to disintegrate into separate lumps of various shapes and sizes. In the virgin lands, each soil type is characterized by a certain structure.
