Sentences with diagrams in the Russian language. Learning to write correctly: parsing a sentence

Hello two-students. I was recently wandering around the Internet and came across a textbook on the Russian language. I remembered this school, which I had to go to every day and sit through my pants. Even though I always studied well... Let’s say it’s good, I wouldn’t want to repeat this experience. I found a lesson in the textbook about how to correctly structure sentences. And I decided to write an article about this, so that you, caught by nostalgia for your school days, or, suddenly, by necessity, would not wander around looking for textbooks on the Russian language, but would come to my blog. And here’s a quick check for you:

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Task 1 of 10
1 .
Find the structure [ __ and __ ====== ] among the sentences presented.
Task 2 of 10
2 .
Find the structure [│О│,…] among the sentences presented.
Task 3 of 10
3 .
Find the structure [│ВВ│,…] among the sentences presented.
Task 4 of 10
4 .
Find the structure [│DO│, X...] among the sentences presented.
Task 5 of 10
5 .
Find the structure [X,│PO│,…] among the sentences presented.
Task 6 of 10
6 .
Find the structure “[P!]” - [a] among the sentences presented.
Task 7 of 10
7 .
Find among the presented sentences the structure “[P..,│O│!] - [a]. - [│BB│,…P..].”
Task 8 of 10
8 .
Find the structure […..], and […..] among the sentences presented.
Task 9 of 10
9 .
Find among the sentences presented the structure […..], (that….).
Task 10 out of 10
10 .
Find among the sentences presented the structure […..], (which….).

Someone will object: “School is over long ago, let’s write without diagrams.” This point of view is quite fair. For those who communicate via SMS and game chats. So, today the topic of our lesson is: “How to create a sentence diagram?” Moreover, if you are a copywriter or want to become one and earn more than your teacher, knowledge of sentence patterns, unfortunately, is necessary.

The procedure for drawing up a proposal outline

To draw up a diagram you will need graphic symbols. Equivalent clauses within a complex sentence are denoted by square brackets. The subordinate together with the conjunction is in parentheses. The main word from which the question is asked is a cross.

Simple sentence diagram

Let's look at an example right away. Let's start with the easiest task for elementary school.

This is a simple two-part sentence. A distinction is also made between one-part sentences, when the main members of a sentence are expressed by one subject or one predicate. Simple sentences can be common, as in our case, or uncommon, for example:

Let's pay attention to the predicate. It can be simple or complex:

Simple: " Michael composed ».
Compound verb: " Misha wanted to write on the couch».
Compound nominal: " Misha was a friend for me».

A simple sentence may include:

Ivan, sit in the left row. The proposal outline is as follows

[│О│,…..].

It is important to highlight the address with commas in the same way as introductory words.

Unfortunately, this happened quite often

[│ВВ│,…..].

Don’t forget to find and highlight the adverbial or participial phrases.

The dog looked at her without taking his eyes off

[│DO│, X...].

The view that opened before him was like an enchanted kingdom of cold.

[X,│PO│,…..].

Direct speech is often found in literary texts and reasoning texts.

“Don’t go into the yard!” the stranger shouted loudly.

“[P!]” - [a].

“Hurray, brothers!” he shouted. “It seems like our business is starting to improve.”

“[P..,│O│!] - [a]. - [│BB│,...P..].”

So, an English teacher. Imagine I got all A's (80 percent), I'm going to a college with honors, Olympiads, conferences - everyone knows me. And this...... well... the woman gives me a hard time. I tell her: aren’t you normal, look at my grades, what are you doing? And nothing - supposedly a principle. Although what the hell is the principle when she gave fours to athletes who did not come to classes at all and gave fives for a can of coffee. And everyone told her this: Pasha needs to give at least a four. In short, it's tough. Already at the defense of the diploma, the director himself intervened and she gave me a 4 after the defense, but the honors diploma was lost.

Complex sentence diagram.

There are several types of complex sentences. Let's look at them in order.

A compound sentence is two simple, equal sentences joined by a coordinating conjunction.

The walls of the tunnel moved apart, and the travelers found themselves in a huge sublunar grotto.

The scheme here is simple […..], and […..].

In a complex sentence, one part is main, the second is subordinate, accompanies the first.

The individual columns were so huge that their tops reached right up to the vault.

[…..], (What ….).

The air around him was much cleaner than what he breathed at home.

[…..], (which….).

Subordination in such sentences occurs with the help of subordinating conjunctions.

A non-union sentence is similar to a compound sentence, but does not have a conjunction.

The television studio offered a ridiculously small amount - Miga got angry.

[…..] — […..].

In our example, Migi's dissatisfaction is caused by the actions performed in the first part of the complex sentence. But there is no conjunction; it is replaced by a dash.

Don't get confused when creating a diagram with different types of connections. It can be very difficult to break such sentences without losing the main idea.

The bottom of the tunnel went down, so it was easy and simple to walk: it seemed that someone was pushing in the back, and the light would soon turn on ahead.

[…..], (therefore….): [│BB│,...], and [....].

A complex sentence may have several subordinate clauses that follow from one another. This is consistent submission.

The children were informed that tomorrow there would be a holiday that would end with a carnival procession.

(which ….).

There are also parallel subordination. From the main clause, different questions are asked to the subordinate clauses. In this case, subordinate clauses can become separate simple sentences almost without change.

When the photographer arrived, Serenky wrapped the stock in a handkerchief to hide it in his bosom.

↓ when? ↓ why?

(when ....), (to ....).

In the Russian language, homogeneous subordination is distinguished. This is a list of simple sentences. They are asked the same question from the main part, and they are connected by the same union.

Watching nature in the spring, you can notice how birds fly in, how tender leaves appear, how the first flowers bloom.

↓ what? ↓ what? ↓ what?

(like ....), (like ....), (like ....).

The main types of proposals are considered. When reading and analyzing the text, carefully look at sentences that are large in construction. Highlight the main information. Mentally ask questions from the main word or main part to the subordinate or subordinate. This will help you grasp the essence and place punctuation marks correctly.

Good luck to everyone! Well, find 10 differences in these pictures and write how long it took you to do it.

find 10 differences

Why might you need a proposal outline? There are several options. For example, you need to create an outline of a sentence when parsing it syntactically.

You can also schematically depict the parts of a sentence for yourself in order to more clearly imagine its structure and trace the logic of connecting parts of a sentence to each other (relevant for complex sentences).

If we are talking about complex sentences, it is convenient to analyze sentences with different types of connections using diagrams. And in simple ones, the diagram helps to visualize the syntactic structure.

In general, whatever one may say, sentence patterns in the Russian language are far from useless. Now we will summarize this topic. So that you can use this article as reference material. By the way, in order to draw up diagrams correctly, it doesn’t hurt to repeat some topics on syntax. Now we will analyze example circuits and repeat them at the same time. So you will benefit twice from the article - at the same time you will receive a summary of types of sentences, punctuation marks for direct speech, homogeneous members, etc. will.

Proposal outline plan

Read the sentence carefully, pay attention to the purpose of the statement: narrative, interrogative, or motivating. And take note of the emotional coloring: exclamatory or non-exclamatory.
Identify grammatical basics. What parts of speech are they expressed by?
After this, it will no longer be difficult to tell whether the sentence in front of you is simple or complex.
In a complex sentence, determine the boundaries of the simple ones included in it and, using a simple pencil, mark them with vertical lines. By the way, also separate participial and adverbial phrases and other types of complications with these features.
Underline the additional parts of the sentence (dashed line - addition, wavy line - definition and participial phrase as a whole, "dot-dash-dot" - adverbial phrase and participial phrase). What parts of speech are they represented by?
If you have a complex sentence with a conjunction between its parts, pay attention to the conjunctions: whether they are coordinating or subordinating.
The previous paragraph will help you correctly identify the predicative parts of a complex sentence. So, parts of a complex and non-conjunctive complex sentence are equal, denote them with square brackets. Indicate the subordinate clause in a complex sentence with round brackets. Don’t forget that the union/union word must also be included in them.
In a complex sentence, in the main part, find a word from which you can ask a question to the subordinate clause, mark it with a cross. From the word, draw an arrow with a pencil to the subordinate clause and write down the question. It also happens that the question to the subordinate clause is posed from the entire main clause.
And now the next step is the scheme of a simple/complex sentence - depending on what you have. Draw a linear graphic diagram onto which you transfer all the main symbols that were previously used to outline the sentence. In particular, sentence boundaries, grammatical basics, complications, if the sentence is complicated, the connection between sentences and the arrow with the question, conjunctions and allied words.
Complex sentences with multiple clauses will require a vertical diagram to correctly display sequential, parallel, or homogeneous subordination. We will look at these below using specific examples.
The numbers above the parts of a complex sentence can indicate the levels of subordinate clauses, which will reflect their position in the complex sentence. The main sentence is not indicated in any way.

Sometimes teachers may have specific requirements. For example, in the diagram, in addition to the main ones, additional members will be indicated. In addition, there are also reverse tasks when you need to compose a sentence according to the scheme. You will find an example of such a task below.

Simple Sentence Schemes

So let’s start right away with a task, no joke, at the 2nd grade level: we need a diagram of a simple sentence of the form “subject - predicate - subject”. Simple example:

At the same time, keep in mind that a simple sentence based on the presence of main members can be one- and two-part. By the presence of minor members - common and non-common (in the example above, which one?). And also based on the presence of a complete or reduced set of necessary members, sentences are divided into complete and incomplete.

When transferring the main members of the sentence to the diagram, do not let the predicates confuse you. They are:

Now let's move on to grade 5 and take on sentence patterns with inversion and other types of complications of simple sentences.

Appeal: denoted by O, the sign is separated from the rest of the sentence in the diagram by two vertical lines - │ │. The address is not a part of the sentence and only its location and the punctuation marks used during the address matter:

In the diagram with homogeneous members The latter sentences are indicated by a circle - ○, in which their syntactic role in the sentence can be noted (homogeneous objects, or adverbials, or subjects - any of the possible options). Also, the conjunctions and punctuation marks associated with them are transferred to the diagram. Generalizing words are also indicated, for example, by a circle, only with a dot in the middle. And in this article we use a square - it’s more convenient for us:

Offers with introductory words: we can designate them as BB and also enclose them in two vertical lines - the introductory words are not part of the sentence. Otherwise, the same aspects are important for the scheme with an introductory word as for the scheme with an appeal:

In the scheme with participial phrase, in addition to punctuation marks, indicate the word being defined. In the scheme with participial phrase And constructions with the meaning of addition and clarification– the most important thing is to indicate their place in the sentence:

You also probably remember that a simple sentence can be complicated dissociated members(some of them are already reflected in the examples above):

separate definitions (agreed and uncoordinated, single and widespread; participial phrases also belong to this category);
separate additions;
isolated circumstances (gerunds, participial phrases, nouns and adverbs in the role of circumstances).

Sentences with direct speech

The diagram of a sentence with direct speech is not at all difficult: it only indicates the boundaries of the sentence, the words of the author and the direct speech itself, as well as the punctuation marks that accompany them. Here are some examples:

Complex Sentence Schemes

And now we have finally reached the high school program. And now we’ll look at diagrams of compound and complex sentences with examples. And we will definitely consider proposals with non-union, as well as different types of communications.

Let's start with compound sentence: its parts are equal, so in the diagram we denote them with the same square brackets.

IN complex sentence The main and subordinate parts are clearly distinguished, so we denote the main part with square brackets and the subordinate part with round brackets. A subordinate clause can occupy different positions in relation to the main one: stand in front or behind it, break the main clause.

Parts non-union complex sentence are equivalent, therefore, here, too, the same square brackets are used to denote them in the diagram.

Making a diagram offers with different types of communication, it's easy to get confused. Carefully study the proposed example to avoid mistakes in the future:

A special case - complex sentence with several clauses. When drawing diagrams of subordinate clauses, they are arranged not horizontally, but vertically. Consistent submission:

Parallel subordination:

Homogeneous Subordination:

Make sentences based on these diagrams

Now, after we have examined the whole theory in such detail, it will, of course, not be difficult for you to write proposals yourself using ready-made diagrams. This is a good workout and a good task to check how well the material has been learned. So don't neglect it.

Sentence with appeal: [ │О?│… ]?
Sentence with homogeneous members: [and ○, and ○, and ○ – □].
A sentence with a participial phrase and an introductory word: [ X, |ПЧ|, … |ВВ| …].
Sentence with direct speech: “[P, – a: – P].”
A complex sentence with several types of connection: [...], but [...], (which...): [...].

Write us your options in the comments - at the same time you can check whether you have learned everything well and understood the diagrams. See for yourself that there is nothing extremely complicated here!

Conclusion

You have worked on a large and voluminous topic. It includes knowledge from different sections of syntax: types of sentences, types of predicates, punctuation marks for homogeneous members of a sentence, direct speech, etc. If you carefully studied all the material, you could not only remember how to designate the members of a sentence in the diagram, but also repeat very important and useful rules.

And if you haven’t been too lazy to write down the sentences according to the diagrams, then you can say with complete confidence: you will face tests and exams fully armed.

Do you think this article will be useful to someone else in your class? So click on the buttons below and “share” it on social networks. And write, write in the comments - let's communicate!

blog.site, when copying material in full or in part, a link to the original source is required.

Why might you need a proposal outline? There are several options. For example, you need to create an outline of a sentence when parsing it syntactically.

Proposal outline plan

Read the sentence carefully, pay attention to the purpose of the statement: narrative, interrogative, or motivating. And take note of the emotional coloring: exclamatory or non-exclamatory.
Identify grammatical basics. What parts of speech are they expressed by?
After this, it will no longer be difficult to tell whether the sentence in front of you is simple or complex.
In a complex sentence, determine the boundaries of the simple ones included in it and, using a simple pencil, mark them with vertical lines. By the way, also separate participial and adverbial phrases and other types of complications with these features.
Underline the additional parts of the sentence (dashed line - addition, wavy line - definition and participial phrase as a whole, "dot-dash-dot" - adverbial phrase and participial phrase). What parts of speech are they represented by?
If you have a complex sentence with a conjunction between its parts, pay attention to the conjunctions: whether they are coordinating or subordinating.
The previous paragraph will help you correctly identify the predicative parts of a complex sentence. So, parts of a complex and non-conjunctive complex sentence are equal, denote them with square brackets. Indicate the subordinate clause in a complex sentence with round brackets. Don’t forget that the union/union word must also be included in them.
In a complex sentence, in the main part, find a word from which you can ask a question to the subordinate clause, mark it with a cross. From the word, draw an arrow with a pencil to the subordinate clause and write down the question. It also happens that the question to the subordinate clause is posed from the entire main clause.
And now the next step is the scheme of a simple/complex sentence - depending on what you have. Draw a linear graphic diagram onto which you transfer all the main symbols that were previously used to outline the sentence. In particular, sentence boundaries, grammatical basics, complications, if the sentence is complicated, the connection between sentences and the arrow with the question, conjunctions and allied words.
Complex sentences with multiple clauses will require a vertical diagram to correctly display sequential, parallel, or homogeneous subordination. We will look at these below using specific examples.
The numbers above the parts of a complex sentence can indicate the levels of subordinate clauses, which will reflect their position in the complex sentence. The main sentence is not indicated in any way.

Simple Sentence Schemes

So let’s start right away with a task, no joke, at the 2nd grade level: we need a diagram of a simple sentence of the form “subject - predicate - subject”. Simple example:

When transferring the main members of the sentence to the diagram, do not let the predicates confuse you. They are:

Now let's move on to grade 5 and take on sentence patterns with inversion and other types of complications of simple sentences.

You also probably remember that a simple sentence can be complicated dissociated members(some of them are already reflected in the examples above):

separate definitions (agreed and uncoordinated, single and widespread; participial phrases also belong to this category);
separate additions;
isolated circumstances (gerunds, participial phrases, nouns and adverbs in the role of circumstances).

Sentences with direct speech

Complex Sentence Schemes

Let's start with compound sentence: its parts are equal, so in the diagram we denote them with the same square brackets.

Parts non-union complex sentence are equivalent, therefore, here, too, the same square brackets are used to denote them in the diagram.

Making a diagram offers with different types of communication, it's easy to get confused. Carefully study the proposed example to avoid mistakes in the future:

A special case - complex sentence with several clauses. When drawing diagrams of subordinate clauses, they are arranged not horizontally, but vertically. Consistent submission:

Parallel subordination:

Homogeneous Subordination:

Make sentences based on these diagrams

Sentence with appeal: [ │О?│… ]?
Sentence with homogeneous members: [and ○, and ○, and ○ – □].
A sentence with a participial phrase and an introductory word: [ X, |ПЧ|, … |ВВ| …].
Sentence with direct speech: “[P, – a: – P].”
A complex sentence with several types of connection: [...], but [...], (which...): [...].

Conclusion

And if you haven’t been too lazy to write down the sentences according to the diagrams, then you can say with complete confidence: you will face tests and exams fully armed.

Do you think this article will be useful to someone else in your class? So click on the buttons below and “share” it on social networks. And write, write in the comments - let's communicate!

website, when copying material in full or in part, a link to the source is required.

This article will talk about how to correctly create a proposal outline. Who needs it? Everyone without exception. If short posts or comments on social networks and instant messengers can be written without knowing the Russian language (which is what many people do), then when writing articles for your own blogs you must be guided by these rules. After all, it is much more pleasant and understandable for users visiting your websites and blogs to read competent speech that attracts attention and keeps them on the page. And, of course, correct preparation of proposals is very important for people holding senior public or commercial positions - literacy increases trust on the part of visitors, partners and clients. And in order for sentences to sound correct and beautiful, they must be composed according to certain patterns. This material will also help schoolchildren and students prepare for exams or complete homework assignments.

Action Plan for Proposal Outlining

In order to correctly compose a sentence diagram, you must follow a certain algorithm of actions:

Carefully consider the written proposal;
Determine what type it belongs to by the intonation and purpose of the statement;
Find the basis, the main idea of the sentence, which carries important information (subject and predicate);

Simple and complex sentences

By the number of stems, determine whether the sentence is simple (with one stem) or complex (with two or more stems);

How to determine the number of parts in a complex sentence

Use perpendicular lines to separate the boundaries of simple sentences (you can also highlight participial/adverbial phrases and other complications);
Underline the parts of the sentence with appropriate lines;

Symbols of sentence members

Determine the presence and nature of the conjunction between fragments of a complex sentence (subordinating or coordinating) - if determined correctly, you will understand what type of sentence you are dealing with;
Place simple sentences in rectangular brackets, since they are equivalent fragments of compound or non-conjunctive compounds;

Rectangular brackets to indicate simple and complex sentences

Place subordinate clauses included in the complex structure in parentheses;

Parentheses to indicate subordinate clauses

Carefully study the complex sentence and put a question from the word in the main fragment (over which draw a cross) to the subordinate clause; Draw an arrow from this word to the subordinate clause and write a question above it.

Parsing a simple sentence

All the information collected during the study process makes it possible to correctly draw up a proposal outline. After completing all of the above steps, the moment comes when you can start drawing the diagram itself. Write down from your sentence in order all the signs that were used to distinguish simple sentences, highlight phrases (adverbial and participial), grammatical basics, questions and arrows to the subordinate clause from the main one, and other complications. Collect all this data in a line graph. When it is necessary to parse a complex sentence that has several subordinate clauses, then to correctly display the subordination, a vertical graphic diagram is also necessary (it will be discussed below). The numbers indicate the degrees of subordinate clauses - by them you can determine their place in the composition of sentences, while the main thing does not have any designations.

If you are a schoolchild or student, you may encounter a situation where teachers require you to mark the secondary clauses along with the main clauses on the diagram. It is also possible that a new proposal must be drawn up according to the proposed scheme. If you approach the matter carefully, these actions will not hinder you.

Making a plan for a simple proposal

We need to put together a simple sentence diagram. We won’t go far, let’s take an example from primary school:

Simple sentence diagram

This sentence is two-part - it has two main members. There are also one-part sentences in which the main member is only one of the two. If a sentence does not have minor members, then it is not widespread (“Poems were born”), but if it does, then it is widespread (as presented above). Also, sentences have an incomplete or complete form (depending on whether the necessary members are present in the configuration - abbreviated or complete). Avoid mistakes with predicates when drawing up a graphical diagram of a sentence:

compound nominal predicates – Danielwill be an athlete;
simple – Danielswam;
compound verbs – Danielwanted to swim.

Simple sentence with homogeneous members

Homogeneous members are displayed in a graphical diagram using circles. These circles indicate their role in the syntax of a sentence: definitions, predicates, etc.

The circles reflect the roles of homogeneous members of the sentence

With introductory words or appeal

Introductory words are indicated by the letters “ВВ”, separated from the rest of the parts in the diagram by two vertical lines and necessarily by the punctuation marks that surround them in the sentence.

Introductory words in a sentence

The same rules apply to addresses as to introductory words, only “O” are used instead of the letters “BB”.

Appeal in a proposal

With adverbial or participial phrases

To highlight phrases that include gerunds (DO) or participles (PO), the diagram uses the same punctuation marks as to delimit them in a sentence.

Participial phrase in the diagram

How to create a sentence diagram with direct speech

In the diagram, direct speech is highlighted as follows:

the boundaries of the proposal are highlighted;
the letter “A” is used to denote author’s words, and “P” is used for direct speech;
punctuation marks are added.

Direct speech in a sentence

How to outline a complex sentence

Fragments of a complex non-conjunctive and complex sentence are in an equal position, therefore rectangular brackets are used to designate them.

Complex sentence on the diagram

Non-union complex sentence on a graphic diagram

Rectangular brackets are used to indicate the main part in a complex sentence, and round brackets are used to indicate a subordinate clause. Moreover, the subordinate clause can appear anywhere: at the back, at the beginning, and even in the middle of the main clause.

Rectangular brackets are for main clauses, round brackets are for subordinate clauses

Before drawing up a proposal plan, the source material must be carefully studied so that there are no difficulties with various types of communication. It happens that such sentences contain an important idea that is easy to lose when trying to simplify the text and rearrange parts.

How to create a complex sentence diagram with multiple clauses

In order to correctly display sentences that have several subordinate clauses, a vertical diagram is used:

“We learned that a hurricane was coming that could destroy everything on the coast.” (sequential submission):

[…],

↓what?

(What …)

↓which one?

(which …).

“When we were already approaching the city, Daniil squinted to get a better look at the surroundings.” (parallel submission):

[…],

↓when? ↓why?

(when...), (to...).

“We are very glad that you came, that you are with us today, that you like it here.” (homogeneous submission):

[…],

↓what? ↓what? ↓what?

(what...), (what...), (what...).

The main purpose of this article is to help you remember school rules for the Russian language and remind you of the main points, observing which you can easily construct a diagram of any sentence.