The grammatical features of participles, unfortunately, are not revealed by any one dictionary. This part of speech is quite difficult to study, and textbooks and teachers do not always present such topics in an accessible way. Therefore, you have to figure it out yourself, look for examples of participles, study the morphological analysis of participles online in order to master the information at a high level.

Participles are related to verbs, but answer the questions of the adjective: which one? which? etc. For example: Find out - recognized, run - running. You can “guess” this part of speech using suffixes; they are highlighted in large numbers in the article.

Participles, when they denote an action performed by someone independently, are called active. If this action is performed on someone, then this is a passive participle. Examples: Gone - he left himself - active voice, paved - he was paved - passive.

Morphological analysis of a participle is the determination of grammatical features. Some of the signs of the participle are taken from adjectives (case, gender, number). Participles are always associated with some kind of noun: Cafe (what?) closed, story (what?) read. For example: Readable magazines – instrumental case, plural. There is only one ticket for the purchased ticket. number, masculine dative case. The initial form is considered to be units. number, m. gender, name. case

Participles can be short: realized, closed, sawn, combed. Short words in a sentence will be predicates (this is their syntactic role). The complete ones will be definitions.

The remaining signs are from the verb. To better understand them, you need to study the morphological analysis of participles online for free. The signs are associated with the verb from which the participle comes: throw is a transitive, irrevocable, perfective verb. This means that the participle “abandoned” is also irrevocable, transitive, perfect. kind. The time of the participle is not difficult to determine by its meaning: SHOOTING - now shooting - present, SEEN - he has already been seen - past. It is important to remember: participles never have a future tense!

Let's remember the terminology. Transitivity allows you to connect with a noun in the accusative or genitive case without a preposition. Those. can you beat someone? or what? - laziness, opponent, fighter. Therefore, “overcome” is a transitive verb, and “overcame” is a transitive participle.

A verb has a perfect form if it answers the question “what to do?” Imperfect view - the question “what to do?”

The reflexivity of a participle or a verb is the presence of –Сь- or –СЯ- at the end. Otherwise they are considered non-refundable.

If it is difficult to identify features, you can use information about suffixes. By suffixes it is easy to find out whether it is active or passive, as well as the tense:

For real present tenses the suffix will be –УШ-, -УШЧ-, -АШ- or –ЯШ-;

The actual past has the suffixes –Ш- or –ВШ-;

Present passives are distinguished by the suffix -OM-, -EM- or –IM-;

Past passives - with the suffix -NN-, -ENN- or –T-.

We present a morphological analysis of the participle sample, and we will analyze the participle from the sentence: “Clouds floated over the falling asleep village.”

(Above) the one falling asleep - communion.

1. Above the village (which one?) - falling asleep. The initial form is falling asleep.

2. Constant (i.e. unchangeable) signs: real, present. time, imperfect form; Variable (change from text to text) features: unity. number, male gender, instrumental case.

3. The village (what?) is falling asleep. The sentence will be a definition, underlined with a wavy line.

The participle is considered to be one of the most interesting, but at the same time difficult parts of speech in the morphology of our language. We will consider an example of analysis of this part of speech, as well as its differences from other groups, in more detail in this article.

Ambiguous opinion

As you know, linguists still cannot agree on what a participle is. Some are inclined to believe that this is the most common one. It has a number of its own characteristics that other groups do not possess, its own system of declensions and many other distinctive features.

Others consider it a special form of another part of speech - the verb. belonging to this group, we will give further in the article) is still in limbo. Therefore, we will not consider any of the points of view erroneous.

Pledge

The mentioned part of speech has the category of voice. It exists not only in our language, but also in many others, for example in English. An active participle (examples: thinking, living, singing) is defined as one that conveys an action performed by the actor himself.

This means that if we have the word “flying” in front of us, then we immediately imagine an object that is flying. It could be a bird or an airplane - they do it themselves, and therefore we can consider such a participle valid, that is, without the help of someone, doing its job.

The passive participle is considered to have the opposite meaning (examples: cut down, drawn, split). In this case, in order for the action to be carried out, the help of another person or object is necessary.

Embroidered pattern is a passive participle, since the pattern could not make itself on its own. It was created by the one who picked up a needle and thread.

Please note that the spelling of this part of speech will depend on the correctly defined voice.

Valid

Each group of participles has its own number of special suffixes. Features of word formation are necessarily considered during the study of each part of speech.

Thus, the active participle (examples: ran away, hungry, maddened, located) has two groups of suffixes, which depend on the tense in which we will use it.

The following are used in the present tense:

• -asch- - trembling asch th
• -box- - bale box th
• -ushch- - roar ushch th
• -yushch- - boron yushch yes

Past tense. The participle (example: lying) has other suffixes:

• -w- - grew up w th
• -Vsh- - battle Vsh yes

It is not at all difficult to distinguish them by time. It is necessary to substitute auxiliary words for each participle. If we are facing the present tense, then the word “now” will do (a burning (now) fire, a darkening (now) sky).

When we see a participle in the past tense, we can boldly substitute “yesterday” (a child who cried (yesterday), who carried a bag (yesterday).

Passive

This voice is distinguished by its set of word-forming suffixes. Thus, the passive participle (examples: sought, ground) in the present tense is formed using:

• -ohm- - attracted ohm th
• -eat- - unforgettable eat th
• -them- - stuck them y.

Moreover, the first two suffixes (“om” and “em”) are used only in those participles that were formed from verbs that have the first conjugation. We write “to them” only when the basis is a verb in the second conjugation.

In the past tense, this part of speech is used with suffixes:

• -enne- - bake enne th
• -nn- - soldering nn th
• -T- - colo T th

It must be remembered that (examples of them were given above) in full form there will always be two letters n: bring - brought. Briefly, there is only one: stricken - stricken.

Analysis plan

Having studied each part of speech, students, as a rule, begin to analyze it. It is carried out according to a specific plan and is called morphological. It includes features characteristic of a particular group of speech. Let's look at how the sacrament is parsed.

Example plan:

1. Grammatical meaning.

This paragraph should include information about what morphological load this part of speech carries. As a rule, this is a sign of action.

2. Word formation.

Here it is necessary to give an example of the verb, which is the main one, as well as suffixes indicating tense and voice.

3. Constant signs.

This paragraph lists those signs that never change:

• active or passive;
• perfect or imperfect form;
• time (it is worth remembering that the participle has no future).

4. Variable signs:

• if we have a passive participle, it is necessary to indicate the form in which it is used (full or short);
• case;
• both in full and short forms - gender;
• number.

5. Member of the sentence.

This plan of morphological analysis is the most commonly used. Some parse the participle according to a different principle, first highlighting the signs of the adjective, and then the verbal ones.

Sample

After the above plan, it is necessary to analyze the participle itself with examples.

The moon, hidden behind a cloud, dimly illuminated the street.

Let's analyze the word “hidden”.

1. Gram value - a sign by action.
2. Hide + lice.
3. Constant signs:

• real (independent performance of an action by the moon)
• perfect view;
• hid (when?) yesterday - past. vr.

4. Variable signs:

• eminent case;
• and. genus;
• units number.

5. In a sentence, this word is part of a separate definition, which is expressed here by a participial phrase. Accordingly, the words “hidden” are the definition.

Thus, we learned what features the sacrament has. Now, having used this information, it will not be difficult to complete the described part of speech.

During the lesson, you will become familiar with the plan for analyzing the participle as a part of speech, repeat the signs of the participle (constant and inconstant) and its syntactic role. You will also be able to independently make a morphological analysis of several participles and test (consolidate) your knowledge.

Topic: Communion

Lesson: Morphological analysis of participles

Morphological analysis of the participle includes the identification of permanent and non-permanent features.

Constant, unchangeable features are verbal features: aspect, tense, voice; and the non-constant features are the features of an adjective: full or short form, number, gender, case.

I. Indicate the part of speech.

II. Morphological characteristics.

1. Initial form (Im.p., singular, male).

2. Permanent signs:

1) active or passive;

3. Variable signs:

1) full or short form (for passive participles);

4) case (for participles in full form).

Sh. Syntactic function.

Secluded monastery illuminated the rays of the sun seemed to float in the air...

I. Illuminated (monastery) - participle, denotes the attribute of an object by action.

II. Morphological characteristics. 1. Initial form - illuminated

2. Permanent signs:

1) passive participle;

2) past tense;

3) perfect appearance.

3. Variable signs:

1) full form;

2) singular;

3) masculine;

4) nominative case.

III. Syntactic function.

In a sentence is an agreed upon definition.

Homework

Exercise No. 131.Baranova M.T., Ladyzhenskaya T.A. and others. “Russian language. 7th grade". Textbook. 34th ed. - M.: Education, 2012.

Exercise. Copy the text using punctuation marks. Make a morphological analysis of participles.

Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin is a famous landscape painter who depicted the beauty of nature in his paintings. The brilliant artist, who painted mainly the most powerful and tallest pine-oak forests, was called by his contemporaries the hero of the Russian forest. The work of the artist, who deeply and devotedly loved Russian nature, was connected with our region. Wonderful landscapes depicting the views of the Elabuga environs continue to live on the painter’s canvases.

Russian language. Participle.

Didactic materials. Section "Communion"

3. Online store of the publishing house "Lyceum" ().

Spelling participles. Exercises.

Literature

1. Razumovskaya M.M., Lvova S.I. and others. “Russian language. 7th grade". Textbook. 13th ed. - M.: Bustard, 2009.

2. Baranova M.T., Ladyzhenskaya T.A. and others. “Russian language. 7th grade". Textbook. 34th ed. - M.: Education, 2012.

3. “Russian language. Practice. 7th grade". Ed. Pimenova S.N. 19th ed. - M.: Bustard, 2012.

4. Lvova S.I., Lvov V.V. "Russian language. 7th grade. At 3 o'clock." 8th ed. - M.: Mnemosyne, 2012.

In the sixth grade, the rather complex topic “Communion” is studied. At school, it is customary to consider the participle a special verbal form and classify it as a special group of parts of speech. The participle combines the characteristics of a verb and an adjective.

They mistakenly try to find a conjugation for the participle, which is determined only for the verb. Difficulties are associated with determining the initial form and syntactic role.

First, let’s outline the most common “traps” that a schoolchild falls into when morphologically analyzing participles.

You cannot parse a participle out of context, so you need to write down the word being defined, on which the full participle depends, or the subject word in the short form of the participle.

If the participle for parsing is not specifically indicated, you can confuse the participle with an adjective or noun. Participles always have an unstressed ending, after which there may be a postfix -СЯ, there are special suffixes (-УШ, -УШЧ, -АШЧ, -ЯШ, -ВШ, -Ш, -НН, -Т, -ОМ, -ЭМ), explanatory words.

Adjectives, unlike participles, denote a constant feature (white - adjective; participles: whitening, whitened), are used in a figurative meaning (excited mother - adjective; participle: troubled sea), have forms of comparison, synonyms.

Nouns are easily identified in a sentence, since they perform the function of the subject (future, manager, wounded, present, defendant, subtractive), for example: 8th grade students came to the assembly hall.

Some participles (most often passive with the suffixes -NN, -T, on -MY, and sometimes active on -SHYY) turn into adjectives and lose their characteristics: scattered dust - scattered person, raised chair - high spirits, hated by me - hated smell, shiny snow - a brilliant scientist).

To find constant signs of a participle, you need to find out from which verb it was formed: from perfective verbs - past participle, from imperfect verbs - past and present participle. It is very important! If the original verb is chosen incorrectly - a different form, reflexivity is not taken into account - errors cannot be avoided.

In a sentence, short participles are always part of a compound nominal predicate; full participles can be consistent single or common definitions, as well as separate definitions expressed by a participial phrase.

Plan for morphological analysis of the participle

1. Part of speech and general grammatical meaning, from which verb it is formed.

2. Initial form (Im.p., unit, m.r.) and morphological characteristics:

Constants (P.p.):
- rank,
- time,
- view,
- repayment.

Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in
- full or short form (for passives),
- case,
- number,
- gender (singular only).

3. Syntactic role of the verb (compound nominal predicate, agreed single definition, separate definition expressed by participial phrase). Let's briefly denote the participial phrase - PO.

Let's try to show all possible options for the morphological analysis of participles and prevent possible incorrect decisions. To do this, we will use sentences from Viktor Astafiev’s story “Kapalukha” (that’s what the female wood grouse is called). For convenience, the sentences are numbered.

(1) A herd of calves and bulls pulled into an old clearing littered with trees.

(2) In one place, a small mound appeared in the clearing, completely covered with pale-leaved, flowering blueberries.

(3) I hurried to the hillock and saw a capercaillie running in circles along it with outstretched wings (hunters call it a capalukha).

(4) No, it was not built on a hillock, but in the middle of a clearing, under a root that elastically protruded from the ground.

(5) Overgrown with moss on all sides and on top too, covered with gray hairs, this inconspicuous hut was slightly open towards a blueberry tubercle.

(6) In the hut there is a nest insulated with moss.

- (7) Let's take it! – the boy standing next to me exhaled.

(8) Her wings were still scattered, and she was rubbing the ground with them.

“(9) But she plucked the fluff herself and warms the eggs with her bare belly in order to give every drop of her warmth to the nascent birds,” said the teacher who approached.

“(10) That’s it, every drop...” one of the guys said sadly, like an adult, and, probably embarrassed by these tender words spoken for the first time in their lives, he shouted: “Come on, let’s go catch up with the herd!”

(11) Her eyes began to be covered with a drowsy film, but she was all on alert, all tense.

Analysis samples

(1) A herd of calves and bulls was pulled onto the old one, littered 3 I clear the trees.

littered 3

1. A clearing (which one?) littered - a participle, as it denotes a sign of an object by action, a special form of the verb to fill up + -ENN.

2. Initial form: littered

Constants (P.p.):
- passive,
- past,
- perfect view,
- irrevocable.

Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in

- Vin. case,
- units number,
- and. kind.

3. A clearing (what kind?) littered with trees (agreed common definition).

(2) In one place in the clearing a small bump appeared, completely drawn out 3 pale-leaved pre-blooming 3 blueberry

drawn out 3

1. The tubercle (which one?) tightened is a participle, as it denotes a sign of an object by action, a special form of the verb tighten + -T.

2. Initial shape: tight

Constants (P.p.):
- passive,
- past,
- perfect view,
- irrevocable.

Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in
- full form (for passives),
- Them. case,
- units number,
- m. kind.

3. Tubercle (what kind?) covered with pale-leaved, pre-blooming blueberry (separate definition, expressed by software).

pre-blooming 3

1. Blueberry (what kind?) blossoming is a participle, as it denotes a sign of an object by action, a special form of the verb blossoming + -YUSH.

2. Initial form: pre-flowering

Constants (P.p.):
- real,
- the present,
- perfect view,
- irrevocable.

Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in
- TV. case,
- units number,
- m. kind.

3. Blueberry (what kind?) pre-blooming (heterogeneous definition included in the software).

(3) I hurried to the hillock and saw how it was loose 3 The capercaillie runs in circles with its wings (hunters call it the capalukha).

loose 3

1. With (what kind of) wings spread is a participle, as it denotes a sign of an object by action, a special form of the verb to dissolve + -ENN.

2. Initial form: loose

Constants (P.p.):
- passive,
- past,
- perfect view,
- irrevocable.

Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in
- full form (for passives),
- TV. case,
- pl. number.

3. Wings (what?) spread (agreed single definition).

(4) No, it was not on the tubercle Suite 3, and in the middle of the clearing, under the elastic outstanding 3 from the ground by root.

Suite 3

1. It (was what?) svito is a participle, as it denotes a sign of an object by action, a special form of the verb svit + -T.

2. Initial shape: curled

Constants (P.p.):
- passive,
- past,
- perfect view,
- irrevocable.

Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in

- units number,
- Wed kind.

3. It (what?) was twisted (compound nominal predicate).

outstanding 3

1. The root (what?) of outstanding is the participle, as it denotes the attribute of an object by action, a special form of the verb to be outstanding + -ВШ.

2. Initial Form: Outstanding

Constants (P.p.):
- real,
- past,
- perfect view,
- returnable.

Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in
- TV. case,
- units number,
- m. kind.

3. A root (what?) protruding from the ground (agreed common definition).

(5)Overgrown 3 moss on all sides and on top too, drawn out 3 gray hair, this inconspicuous hut was ajar 3 towards the blueberry tubercle.

overgrown 3

1. The hut (what?) is overgrown - a participle, as it denotes a sign of an object by action, a special form of the verb overgrown + -Ш.

2. Initial form: overgrown

Constants (P.p.):
- real,
- past,
- perfect view,
- irrevocable.

Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in
- Them. case,
- units number,
- and. kind.

3. A hut (what kind?) overgrown with moss on all sides and on top too (a separate definition, expressed by software).

drawn out 3

1. Hut (what?) tightened - a participle, as it denotes a sign of an object by action, a special form of the verb tighten + -T.

2. Initial shape: tight

Constants (P.p.):
- passive,
- past,
- perfect view,
- irrevocable.

Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in
- full form (for passives),
- Them. case,
- units number,
- and. kind.

3. A hut (what kind?) covered with gray hairs (a separate definition, expressed by software).

ajar 3

1. The hut (what was it like?) is slightly open - a participle, as it denotes a sign of an object by action, a special form of the verb to open slightly + -T.

2. Initial form: slightly open

Constants (P.p.):
- passive,
- past,
- perfect view,
- irrevocable.

Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in
- short form (for passives),
- units number,
- and. kind.

3. The hut (what?) was slightly open (compound nominal predicate).

(6)In the hut insulated 3 moss nest.

insulated 3

1. Nest (what?) insulated - a participle, as it denotes a sign of an object by action, a special form of the verb insulate + -ЁНН.

2. Initial form: insulated

Constants (P.p.):
- passive,
- past,
- perfect view,
- irrevocable.

Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in
- full form (for passives),
- Them. case,
- units number,
- Wed kind.

3. Nest (what?) insulated (agreed common definition).

- (7) Let's take it! - the boy exhaled, standing 3 next to me.

standing 3

1. The boy (which one?) standing is a participle, as it denotes a sign of an object by action, a special form of the verb stand + -VSH.

2. Initial form: standing

Constants (P.p.):
- real,
- past,
- imperfect species,
- irrevocable.

Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in
- Them. case,
- units number,
- m. kind.

3. The boy (what kind?) standing next to me (a separate definition, expressed by software).

(8)She still has wings scattered 3, and she chalked the ground with them.

scattered 3

1. Wings (what are they?) scattered - participle, as it denotes the attribute of an object by action, a special form of the verb scatter + -EN.

2. Initial form: scattered

Constants (P.p.):
- passive,
- past,
- perfect view,
- irrevocable.

Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in
- short form (for passives),
- pl. number.

3. The wings (what?) are scattered (compound nominal predicate).

- (9) But she plucked the fluff herself and warms the eggs with her bare belly in order to give every drop of her warmth nascent 3 birds, he said approached 3 teacher.

nascent 3

1. For birds (what?) emerging - a participle, as it denotes a sign of an object by action, a special form of the verb are emerging + -YUSH.

2. Initial form: nascent

Constants (P.p.):
- real,
- the present,
- imperfect species,
- returnable.

Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in
- D. case,
- pl. number.

3. Birds (what?) emerging (agreed single definition).

approached 3

1. Teacher (what?) approached - participle, as it denotes a sign of an object by action, a special form of the verb approach + -Ш.

2. Initial shape: suitable

Constants (P.p.):
- real,
- past,
- imperfect species,
- irrevocable.

Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in
- Them. case,
- units number,
- m. kind.

3. Teacher (what?) approached (agreed single definition).

– (10) That’s it, every drop... – one of the guys said sadly, like an adult, and, probably, embarrassed by these tender words, spoken 3 for the first time in my life, I shouted: “Come on, let’s go catch up with the herd!”

spoken 3

1. Words (which ones?) spoken - participle, as it denotes a sign of an object by action, a special form of the verb pronounce + -ЁНН.

2. Initial form: spoken

Constants (P.p.):
- passive,
- past,
- perfect view,
- irrevocable.

Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in
- full form (for passives),
- R. case,
- pl. number.

3. Words (which ones?) spoken for the first time in life (separate definition, expressed by software).

(11) Her eyes began to be covered with a drowsy film, but she was all on alert, all spring loaded 3.

spring loaded 3

1. She (was what?) springy - participle, as it denotes a sign of an object by action, a special form of the verb springiness + -EN.

2. Initial shape: springy

Constants (P.p.):
- passive,
- past,
- perfect view,
- irrevocable.

Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in
- short form (for passives),
- units number,
- and. kind.

3. She (what?) was tense (compound nominal predicate).

2. Initial form.

3. The infinitive of the verb from which this participle is formed.

4. Constant signs (verbs):

a) type and method of action;

b) transitivity;

c) repayment;

d) collateral and shades of the meaning of the average returnable collateral;

e) class and type of conjugation;

f) form of active or passive participle;

g) time (present, past);

h) from what verb stem and with the help of what suffix it is formed.

5. Inconstant signs (adjective):

a) full or short form (for passive participles);

b) type of declination (hard or mixed version);

e) case (for participles in full form);

f) what word it depends on.

6. Function in a sentence.

7. Spelling features.

The order of morphological analysis of gerunds

1. Part of speech (special form of the verb).

2. Initial form.

3. Infinitive of the verb from which this gerund is derived

4. Signs:

a) type and method of action;

b) transitivity;

c) repayment;

d) collateral and shades of medium-refundable collateral;

e) class and type of conjugation;

f) from which verb stem and with the help of which suffix is ​​it formed

g) temporary value.

5. Function in a sentence.

6. Spelling features.

ORDER OF MORPHOLOGICAL PARAGRAPHING OF AN ADVERB

1. Part of speech.

2. Classification of adverbs by meaning.

3. Class of adverb by education.

4. Degree of comparison, form of subjective assessment (for qualitative adverbs).

5. Method of word formation.

6. Function in a sentence.

7. Spelling features.

ORDER OF MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS

1. Part of speech.

4. Degree of comparison (for words of the state category, correlative in formation with qualitative adjectives).

5. Which part of speech are they related to by education?

6. Method of word formation.

7. Function in a sentence.

8. Spelling features.

ORDER OF MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF PREPOSITION

1. Part of speech.

2. To express what relationships this preposition is used.

3. Classification of prepositions according to morphological structure and in relation to significant parts of speech.

4. Classification of prepositions according to structure.

5. In what case is it used and can it be used with other cases.

6. Spelling features.

ORDER OF MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE UNION

1. Part of speech.

2. Union category according to morphological composition.

3. Class according to the nature of the relationships expressed (coordinating or subordinating).

4. Discharge by value (connective, separating, temporary, target, etc.)

5. Class by use (single, repeated, double).

5. Rank by education

6. Connects members of a sentence or parts of a complex sentence.

7. Spelling features.

ORDER OF MORPHOLOGICAL DISASSEMBLY OF PARTICLES

1. Part of speech.

2. Place by value.

3. Rank by function.

4. Which part of speech does this particle correspond to by formation?

5. Which word (group of words, entire sentence) does it refer to?

6. Position in speech (prepositive, postpositive).

7. Spelling features.

ORDER OF MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF MODAL WORDS

1. Part of speech.

2. Place by value.

3. Correlation with other parts of speech by education.

4. Function in a sentence.

ORDER OF MORPHOLOGICAL PARAGRAPHING OF INTERJECTIVES

1. Interjection rank by meaning.

2. Class by method of education and origin

ORDER OF PARAGRAPHING PHRASES

1. Select a phrase from a sentence (if the task does not provide ready-made word combinations).

2. Indicate the initial form of the phrase (if it does not coincide with the highlighted one, note why).

3. Determine the type of phrase by volume: simple or complex (formation of a complex phrase).

4. Indicate the main and dependent words (components).

5. Indicate which parts of speech are the main and dependent words (collocation scheme).

6. Determine the type of phrase based on the morphological nature of the main word: nominal (substantive, adjective, pronominal, with a numeral), verbal, adverbial.

7. Determine the grammatical meaning of the phrase (taking into account the lexical and grammatical meanings of the components).

8. Determine the nature of the syntactic relationships between the components of the phrase: attributive, objective, adverbial. Indicate the type of circumstantial relations: temporal, spatial, causal, target, etc.

9. Determine the type of syntactic connection (coordination, control, adjacency) and give its full description; indicate the grammatical means of expressing the connection between the components of the phrase.

a) agreement; which part of speech agrees with the word being defined and in what way it agrees (categories common to these parts of speech); full or incomplete agreement; grammatical way of expressing a connection (inflection of a dependent word);

b) management; type of control based on the main word (verb, substantive, adjectival, adverbial); by the presence or absence of a preposition (prepositional, non-prepositional); according to the degree of dependence of the components (strong, weak); dependent word case; grammatical way of expressing connections (inflection, preposition, word order with weak control);

c) adjacency; what part of speech or word form is adjacent; way of expressing connections (meaning, word order, rhythmic and melodic means).

10. Determine the type of phrase based on the degree of cohesion of the components: syntactically free or syntactically not free - integral.

11. Indicate the function of the phrase or its components in a sentence.